WIRTW #86

Welcome to this Michael Jackson-free edition of What I’m Reading This Week.

If an employee uses her company-issued computer to exchange emails with her attorney before she sues you for discrimination, are you entitled to access and review those emails? According to the Workplace Privacy Counsel, per one New Jersey appellate court the answer is no: “[A]ccording to the court, an employer cannot read an employee’s personal e-mail, even when the employer has a policy stating that the employee has no reasonable expectation of privacy, except when the content of the e-mail needs to be known to determine whether the employee violated company policy or acted unlawfully.”

Jay Shepherd’s Gruntled Employees has two excellent posts from the last couple of weeks: The wrong question, which discusses what to consider when an employee asks for a special accommodation, and Sugarcoated terminations, which talks about what not to say when terminating an employee.

Michael Fox’s Jottings By An Employer’s Lawyer has some interesting information on average UK jury verdicts in employment cases.

Molly DiBianca at the Delaware Employment Law Blog lists 3 reasons why employers don’t have a social networking policy. Kris Dunn, The HR Capitalist, shares his thoughts on the same topic. If you are looking to implement one, take a look at my 7 consideration for social networking policies, and then call or email me.

The FMLA Blog reports on a case out of Southern Ohio in which the court found an employer acted unreasonably by only allowing an employee three days to submit a doctor’s note certifying the need for intermittent leave.

Dennis Westlind at World of Work discusses the FOREWARN Act, which would expand the scope of the WARN Act to cover smaller employers.

In what is maybe the least surprising story of the fortnight, LaborPains.org reports that it only took newly-minted Senator Al Franken 6 hours to sponsor the EFCA, his first piece of legislation. Meanwhile, The Chamber Post makes the case for why we are better without unions at all.

Darcy Dees at the Compensation Cafe observes that employees will often prefer to be classified as exempt and not receive overtime because they perceive it to be an elevation in status within the organization.

The Warren & Hays Blog comments on the dangers of workplace sexual stereotyping.

David Clark at the EBG Trade Secrets and Noncompete Blog discusses a New York decision refusing to enforce a noncompete agreement against an ex-employee because he had intentionally signed the contract in the wrong place.

The Washington Labor & Employment Wire reports on efforts on Capitol Hill to tie the minimum wage to the federal poverty threshold. Just what American businesses need, a dramatically higher minimum wage.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Sadly, racism is alive and well

I grew up in Northeast Philadelphia. Not more than a mile from my house, just across the border in Huntingdon Valley, sits the Valley Swim Club. It was not so quietly known that families from my neighborhood should not bother trying to join, since the club was renowned for its anti-Semitism. Today’s Philadelphia Daily News confirms that the problems that existed at this club decades ago lives on today.

The newspaper reports that a Philadelphia day camp paid the Valley Swim Club $1,950 for its mostly black and Hispanic campers to use its pool for a week. After several of the club’s white members made disparaging comments about the campers, the club rescinded the contract and refunded the fee. While the club’s president claims that race had nothing to do with the decision to break the contract, he has also publicly stated that the club “underestimated the impact” the campers would have on the club, that they “fundamentally changed the atmosphere,” and that “there was concern that a lot of kids would change the complexion” of the club.

Philly’s Fox 29 provides more details, including interviews with children who overheard moms at the club saying, “What are all these black kids doing here? They might do something to my child.”

This non-employment story serves as a sad reminder to everyone that racism lives on, although usually not as openly and obviously as what appears to be practiced at the Valley Swim Club. Even in 2009, businesses need to remain vigilant in combating discrimination


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Announcing KJK’s Proprietary HR and Employment Law Audit

I’ve written in the past about the importance of routine, proactive audits of employment policies and practices:

An article I found on Business Management Daily further underscores this point:

The economy is a shambles, and employers are doing everything they can to stay in business. That includes terminations, salary and wage cuts and temporary furloughs. Nearly every one of those moves carries litigation risk. With little to lose, more and more employees are willing to stake bias claims, hoping to score a big settlement. Their allies are attorneys who will look for any reason to sue. Need convincing? The dramatic increase in EEOC complaints rose 15.2% from 2007 to 2008, illustrating the risk employers take with every layoff decision.

Have your company’s personnel policies and practices had a checkup lately? A comprehensive audit is one of the easiest ways to spot problems.

The article then lists 17 different areas that employers should audit to ensure legal compliance.

While this list is a good start, it is nowhere near complete. I’ve developed a proprietary 200-point audit of HR and employment policies and practices. If you are interested in discovering which areas of your business are out of compliance and open to legal risk, I am willing to conduct this preliminary audit without charge. Please contact me for the details.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Is LinkedIn a risk for employers?

One of the more interesting features of LinkedIn is the ability to recommend your connections. In fact, LinkedIn will prod you to recommend others to further complete your profile. For example, my LinkedIn profile is 90% complete, and it tells me I can get to 95% if I recommend another person. Most successful professionals share two personality traits that will cause them to strive for that 100% goal – overachieving and type-A personalities.

In today’s National Law Journal, however, Tresa Baldas makes an excellent point about the legal risks posed by LinkedIn recommendations. Let’s say, for example, a manager provides one of his subordinates a glowing LinkedIn recommendation. If that employee is later fired, the odds are pretty high that the employee will try to use that recommendation as evidence of pretext in a later discrimination suit.

Social media provides a gold mine of information to use in employment lawsuits. Employees’ Facebook pages, YouTube videos, and blogs are all fertile ground for discovering useful information to use against an employee. If employers are going to swim in these waters, they need to be equally mindful that what they write about an employee can also be used against the employer. When drafting a social media policy, consider these risks and decide whether an outright ban on LinkedIn recommendations is best for your organization.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Do you know? Perfect attendance bonuses and the FMLA

PerfectAttendanceBefore the recent FMLA regulatory amendments took effect, an employer could not  deny a perfect attendance bonus to an employee whose only attendance blemishes were the result of FMLA-leave. As of Jan. 16, 2009, however, employees on FMLA-leave could lawfully be denied a perfect attendance bonus:

[I]f a bonus or other payment is based on the achievement of a specified goal such as hours worked, products sold or perfect attendance, and the employee has not met the goal due to FMLA leave, then the payment may be denied, unless otherwise paid to employees on an equivalent leave status for a reason that does not qualify as FMLA leave.

In other words, as long as other employees taking similar time off are also not eligible for the same bonus, an employer can deny a perfect attendance bonus without fear of FMLA liability. The Department of Labor gives the example of an who uses paid vacation leave for a non-FMLA purpose. If an employer still provides a perfect attendance bonus to that employee, then it would be unlawful to deny the same bonus to an employee who used paid vacation leave for an FMLA-protected purpose.

While employers are now within their rights to deny perfect attendance bonuses to employees who take FMLA leave, the bigger question is whether an employer would want to withhold such a bonus. What message does that send to your employees? We value your dedication to getting to work everyday and on-time, but only if an unforeseen medical condition does not get in the way? Or is it better to pay out the bonus, even to those employees who have FMLA absences?


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Acting on inaccurate information is not enough to establish pretext

Four years after an employer terminates an employee for lying, the terminated employee passes a polygraph test that showed that she likely did not tell the lie that led to her termination. Can the employee use the results of that polygraph to show that her former employer had a pretext for a retaliation against her for her prior FMLA-leave? According to an Ohio appellate court in Ningard v. Shin Etsu Silicones (Summit Cty. 6/30/2009) [PDF], the answer is no.

In September 2004, Pamela Ningard took a 12-week FMLA leave from her employer, Shin Etsu Silicones. After missing a day of work in October 2004, Shin Etsu placed her on a last chance agreement because she did not have any remaining paid time off. In December 2004, Shin Etsu terminated Ningard under the last chance agreement after a customer reported that Ningard was spreading false information about the a bonus payment by Shin Etsu to the customer.

Ningard sued for retaliation under the FMLA. Four years after the termination, Ningard passed a polygraph examination, which she claimed showed that Shin Etsu unlawfully terminated her. The appellate court disagreed: “Ningard cannot point to a polygraph examination, which occurred nearly four years after the adverse employment action, to show that Shin-Etsu’s response … was actually a pretext for retaliation. This new information does not show that the reason given by Shin-Etsu was false, but rather that it may have acted upon inaccurate information.” Instead, the three-month gap between the FMLA-leave and the termination, coupled with no other evidence of retaliation, led to the proper dismissal of the lawsuit.

The lesson for employers is on oldie but goodie –  a court will not second-guess a legitimate reason for termination merely because it might later be proven to be incorrect. If the employer harbors a reasonable, good faith business justification, a that fact that it might later be proven to be wrong should not create pretext.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

An Independence Day thought

As we prepare to celebrate our freedom this July 4th, I thought I’d share the following letter to the editor about the Ricci decision, by Carol Polley of Eden Prairie, Minn., published in yesterday’s New York Times:

To the Editor:

If a kicker’s football fails to reach the goalposts, he does not get a do-over with a shorter distance between himself and the goalposts.

If a student does not pass the test, he does not get a do-over with easier questions.

When my house is on fire I want the best firefighter, and I don’t care what color he or she is.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.

Court holds wage and hour laws don’t protect oral complaints

Imagine an employee walks into your HR office and complains that the company has misclassified her as exempt and that she is owed overtime. According to the 7th Circuit in Kasten v. Saint-Gobain Plastics (7th Cir. 06/29/09) [PDF], you can actually fire that employee without fear of retaliation as long as the the employee only makes the complaint orally, and does not put it in writing.

The FLSA’s anti-retaliation provision provides that an employer cannot “discharge or in any other manner discriminate against any employee because such employee has filed any complaint….” The court held that unwritten verbal complaints are not protected activity: “[T]he natural understanding of the phrase ‘file any complaint’ requires the submission of some writing to an employer….”

Employers should not get overly excited about this decision. The 7th Circuit’s holding in Kasten appears to be the minority view. Indeed, the 6th Circuit (which covers Ohio) in EEOC v. Romeo Community Schools, found that an employee’s oral complaints to a supervisor were protected. Employers act at their own peril if they fire employees who make oral wage and hour internal complaints. In other words, the next time an employee walks into your HR office and voices that complaint, don’t fire her. Instead, listen. She might even be right.


Presented by Kohrman Jackson & Krantz, with offices in Cleveland and Columbus.

For more information, contact Jon Hyman, a partner in our Labor & Employment group, at (216) 736-7226 or jth@kjk.com.